Major Approaches of educational technology

Major approaches of educational technology

According to Lumsdane educational technology can be classified to three distinct type on the basis of its multifaceted concept. 

These are:-

1. Hardware approach

2. Software approach and 

3. System approach. 

Hardware approach:

From general conception it may be said the use of engineering machine in the teaching-learning process. We must remember that the parents of educational technology are physical science and engineering technology. 

Hardware approach is the application of physical and engineering technology in teaching learning process. 

Human knowledge has three aspects

1. Preservation. 

2. Transmission and 

3. Development. 

The uncountable growth of knowledge and tremendous explosion population demand the use of mechanism in the field of teaching-learning process. Contribution of hardware approach in education can be summarized as follows;

The mechanical and technical revolution has mechanized the teaching learning process and contributed a lot to reach the educational to the masses with great ease and economy. 

It is not possible for a teacher to impart knowledge to the masses or to the distant people but through mechanizing system of education surprising changes have occurred in the teaching learning process. Thousands of people are benefited with this method of mechanizing system of education. 

ALSO READ: Education technology in India, its origin and definition. 

Software Approach;

Software approach is a behavioral technology. Its origin to the behavioural science concerning psychology of learning. It may be named as instructional technology, teaching technology or behavioural technology. Software technology doesn't use engineering machines. Psychological principles of teaching and learning provide definite technology to bring desirable changes in the behavior of the pupils. 

The software systems is originated from the theories of learning developed by Skinner. This technology tries to produce a suitable teaching learning materials, teaching learning strategies, evaluation techniques etc. For obtaining maximum benefit in the teaching learning process. 

Software technology basically gives importance on developing and utilizing software materials like programmed materials, teaching learning strategies etc. Based on psychology of learning hardware approach generally importance is given on production and utilization of audio-visual aids. Sophisticated instruments and gadgets and mass media for helping the teacher and learner so that better results may be obtained in the teaching learning procedure. In software approach it tries to utilize psychology learning in preparing software materials, in designing teaching learning strategic, tools of evaluation and in other devices of teaching and learning. 

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System Approach:

The third type of educational technology is system approach or system analysis. It is also known as management technology. It was developed after world War 2. The origin of system approach technology is computer science. 

As such it has a scientific base. It gives a scientific base in designing applying and evaluating the educational process to derive the desired specific educational objectives. System approach being scientific in its base helps to study the problems of educational administration and management in a more scientific, more economic and more effective ways. 

It also help in formulating scientific instructional outlines. It is a systemic application of educational technology to the whole system of education, and consider the process of education from entry behavior to the terminal behavior as one whole. 

It incorporates all aspects and all parts of the whole system of education, such as pupils, teachers, curriculum, content, instructional materials, instructional strategy, physical environment and the best price. 

"The system approach in instructions is an integrated programmed complex of instructional media; hardware and personal whose components are structured as a single unit with a schedule of time and sequential phasing. 

" If the system cannot function properly in achieving the desired objectives there is provision for using alternative strategies. Modifications can be done by applying the most appropriate and feasible practices or strategies. In the system approach a continuous effort is made to modify the system through continuous comparison of different roles played by man, machine and media and to produce a right and proper, scientific instructional design to meet all the objectives outlined. 

ALSO READ: Organising the best teaching, advance educational technology. 

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