Relationship between Teaching and Learning|Variables of teaching:

Relationship between teaching and learning; Variables of teaching

The teaching and learning are two separate activities but they are inter related. Teaching is a contrivance, a planned or designed system of activities and learning is the goal or the desired results or the intended outcome. 

There are three possible relationship between teaching and learning;

1. Teaching is connected to learning in a means end relationship. 

Teaching is a planned instrumentality and learning is the intended goal. Im

2. Teaching essentially implies learning and hance the justification of teaching learning models. The hyphen between teaching and learning indicates that teaching is in integral relationship with learning. It implies that there can be no teaching without learning and there can be no learning without teaching. 

3. Teaching and learning are two independent set of activities and each can be analysed separately. However, the analysis and description of one may be found useful for understanding the nature and scope of the other. 

The first type of relationship between teaching and learning as indicated here is usually perceived. Whatever and whenever we plan and implement a system of instruction or teaching, some kind of learning goal is always implied. 

The second type of relationship as formulated in this regard is difficult to sustain on logical grounds. This is particularly so since there may be numerous instances of teaching without any concomitance of a learning event and there may also be examples of learning (as in self-learning) without any formal act of teaching to account for it. 

The third type of relationship as stipulated and shown here is in fact a state of no relationship as stipulated and shown here is in fact a state of no relationship and arises from the imperative of empirical studies or research on teaching which advocates the delinking of the two concepts for the sake of academic convenience and conceptual clarity. 

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Variables of Teaching;

A good teaching has been explained as having a provision of learning experiences so that the teaching objectives may be achieved as a result of desired modification in the behavior of pupils. 

For this, the knowledge of various aspects and activities of teaching is necessary for a teacher. 

Hance, in this unit, by explaining the various aspects of teaching and variables therein, we are throwing light on various teaching activities in details.

John Brubacher rightly says; "teaching is an arrangement and manipulation of a situation in which there are gaps and obstruction which individuals will seek to overcome and from which he will learn in the course of doing so. "

A variable has been defined as 'Any response or behavior which can take different degrees' 

-for example; effects of various amounts of study on school performance. 

A teaching process has three variables-

1. The Teacher: the first variables of teaching is the teacher, the teacher is said to be an independent variables, the teaching organizations, planning and its organizations is carried on by the teacher. 

2. The pupils; The second variable of teaching process is the pupils, the pupils is considered as the dependent variable because the teaching has to be active in accordance with the planning, organizations and presentation. 

3. The content and teaching methods;  it is the third variable of the teaching, it has been termed as intervening variable interaction between pupils and the teacher, teaching methods and the nature of teaching materials that intervene in the response of the pupils. 

Types of variables:

The variables are mainly of three types which are as follows:

1. Independent variables; 

An independent variables is that variables in which the experimental can bring change and that variables bring a change in the dependent variables. We can manage the independent variables according to our will. 

 2. Dependent variables:

The dependent variables is that variables which acquires change as a result of change occurred in some other dependent variables. 

3. Intervening variables:

A variables located or active in between an independent and a dependent variables is an intervening variables. 

Example: in the teaching process, the teacher is an independent variable, the pupils is dependent variable and the methods to be used in teaching, motivation techniques, contents etc. Are all example of intervening variables. 

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